Economías externas de red en el sistema de ciudades del Eje Cafetero, 1996-2014

Traditionally, economic geography has associated agglomeration economies with the concentration of activities and population in cities. This paper aims at demonstrating the generation of these economies in a regional scale, choosing the city system of the Colombian coffee growing axis as spatial unit of analysis, and relying on a fixed effects panel exercise. Throughout the exercise, the presence of so-called external network economies was observed in the studied urban system. Therefore, networks make it possible for small cities to enjoy the advantages of agglomeration.De maneira tradicional, a geografia econômica tem associado as economias de aglomeração com a concentração de atividades e de população numa cidade. Este trabalho propõe evidenciar a geração dessas economias na escala regional, considerando como unidade espacial de análise o sistema de cidades do Eixo Cafeeiro (Eje Cafetero, Colômbia) e apoiando-se num exercício de painel de efeitos fixos. Por meio do exercício, foi observada a presença das chamadas economias externas de rede no sistema urbano estudado, do que deriva que as redes tornam possível que as cidades pequenas possam usufruir das vantagens da aglomeração.De manera tradicional la geografía económica ha asociado las economías de aglomeración a la concentración de actividades y población en una ciudad. Este trabajo se propuso evidenciar la generación de esas economías en la escala regional, teniendo como unidad espacial de análisis el sistema de ciudades del Eje Cafetero (Colombia) y apoyándose en un ejercicio de panel de efectos fijos. A través del ejercicio se observó la presencia de las llamadas economías externas de red en el sistema urbano estudiado, de lo que deriva que las redes hacen posible que las ciudades pequeñas puedan disfrutar de las ventajas de la aglomeración

Polycentrism and Metropolization in the Administrative and Planning Regions of the Coffee Belt

En este capítulo se presentan los resultados de un ejercicio de investigación que abordó la caracterización de la RAP Eje cafetero, desde una perspectiva morfológica y funcional, y el estudio de las relaciones de metropolización existentes con base en las dinámicas demográficas observadas. En cuanto a los resultados, se evidenció que la RAP se configura como una región policéntrica con cuatro núcleos principales, las capitales departamentales y el municipio de La Dorada, capitales que ejercen una condición primacial en sus departamentos y a partir su jerarquía han impulsado procesos metropolitanos a su alrededor.This chapter presents the results of a research exercise that addressed the characterization of the Coffee Belt APR, from a morphological and functional perspective, and the study of the existing metropolization relations based on the observed demographic dynamics. Regarding the results, the APR is configured as a polycentric region with four main nuclei, the departmental capitals and the municipality of La Dorada, capitals that exercise a prima facie condition in their departments and that from their hierarchy have promoted metropolitan processes around them

Consumo de café en el Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia (PCCC): el "mal consumidor" y el auge de los cafés especiales

Drawing from the results of a three months anthropological fieldwork research in the area of the eje cafetero, this article aims to dive into the question of local coffee consumption patterns in the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia. The main object is to reflect on strategies of consumption in a patrimonial context by examining different discourses, ranging from the average “bad coffee consumer” to the slow rise of the chain of cafés especiales. Furthermore, the present article aims to offer a comprehensive analysis on how the structure of the coffee chain impacts consumption patterns, including a reflection on the benefits and limits of the development of specialty coffee.  Basado en los resultados de un trabajo antropológico de investigación de campo de tres meses en la zona del Eje Cafetero, este artículo tiene como fin profundizar en las prácticas de consumo de café en el Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia. El objetivo principal es presentar una reflexión sobre las estrategias de consumo en un contexto patrimonial, examinando diferentes discursos, desde la imagen del “mal consumidor” hasta el desarrollo de la cadena de los cafés especiales. El enfoque del presente artículo ofrece un análisis comprensivo sobre cómo las estructuras de la caficultura impactan en las prácticas de consumo, incluyendo una reflexión sobre los beneficios y los límites del desarrollo de los cafés especiales

Consumo de café en el Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia (PCCC): el "mal consumidor" y el auge de los cafés especiales

Drawing from the results of a three months anthropological fieldwork research in the area of the eje cafetero, this article aims to dive into the question of local coffee consumption patterns in the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia. The main object is to reflect on strategies of consumption in a patrimonial context by examining different discourses, ranging from the average “bad coffee consumer” to the slow rise of the chain of cafés especiales. Furthermore, the present article aims to offer a comprehensive analysis on how the structure of the coffee chain impacts consumption patterns, including a reflection on the benefits and limits of the development of specialty coffee.  Basado en los resultados de un trabajo antropológico de investigación de campo de tres meses en la zona del Eje Cafetero, este artículo tiene como fin profundizar en las prácticas de consumo de café en el Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia. El objetivo principal es presentar una reflexión sobre las estrategias de consumo en un contexto patrimonial, examinando diferentes discursos, desde la imagen del “mal consumidor” hasta el desarrollo de la cadena de los cafés especiales. El enfoque del presente artículo ofrece un análisis comprensivo sobre cómo las estructuras de la caficultura impactan en las prácticas de consumo, incluyendo una reflexión sobre los beneficios y los límites del desarrollo de los cafés especiales

Migration, remittances and development :constructing Columbian migrants as transnational financial subjects

PhD ThesisIn recent years, remittances have been hailed as potential drivers of economic development in migrant-sending countries. Over four million Colombians (around 10% of Colombia‘s population) reside abroad and the UK is their second most favoured destination in Europe. Approximately 100,000 Colombians live and work in London and, in turn, the UK is the fourth biggest source of remittances to Colombia. In recent years, the Colombian Government has introduced policies to make their citizens abroad an integral part of a reconstituted definition of the Colombian nation. It has sought to render migrants as agents of economic development by channelling their remittances towards ‗productive investment‘. The main component of this investment is mortgage-financed housing. To this end, the government has promoted ‗Mi casa con remesas‘, a model of housing finance for people who receive remittances periodically from their family members abroad, and sponsored housing/property fairs for Colombian migrants in their main cities of destination in the global north: Madrid, London, New York and Miami. This thesis situates the Colombian government‘s narratives around the use of remittances to finance housing investment within broader discourses of development and neoliberalism and the strategies and experiences of accessing housing articulated by Colombian migrants in London and their households in the Coffee Region of Colombia. Based on empirical data collected at both ends of the migration network, it argues that the conception of migrants as agents of development – and hence as transnational financial subjects – is tightly linked to wider attempts at the institutionalisation of the transnational social field. These attempts are embedded in ideologically-driven discourses of citizenship that privilege financial markets as the medium for individuals‘ and households‘ socioeconomic reproduction. Furthermore, they displace the responsibility for economic development from the state to its citizens (at home and abroad) and bring to the fore investment as the preferred mechanism for the ‗proper‘ use of remittances and through which migrant households‘ connection to broader circuits of capital and finance can be exploited. Although housing is a growing component of remittances expenditure, for the most part, Colombians in London are not embracing their newly-assigned financial subjectivities but are instead using alternative channels for housing acquisition and financing. III To m

Regional cooperation and local and regional development : a comparative analysis of the Coffee Region (Columbia) and O'Higgins (Chile)

PhD ThesisThe aim of this thesis is to conceptualise and explain the evolution of regional cooperation at a sub-national scale, and its influence in local and regional development. It contributes to the studies on regional cooperation and local and regional development, by understanding regional cooperation as an adaptable process shaped by its context, and introducing the otherwise neglected experiences from the Global South-Latin American urban and rural regions to the debate. The study addresses the gaps created by the predominant focus upon post-industrial, Global North experiences, emphasising in cities rather than regions integrated by urban and rural areas in research on regional cooperation and local and regional development. Examining the case studies of the Coffee Region (Colombia) and O’Higgins (Chile), this thesis argues that regional cooperation can be conceptualised as a context dependant process of voluntary and concerted work amongst diverse regional actors. Regional cooperation plays a crucial role in reshaping local and regional development models at the local scale, while local actors involved in regional cooperation adapt to the regional context and institutional environment. Regional cooperation appears not just as an alternative to improve local and regional development, but also as a mechanism that interacts with wider local institutional processes. This research identifies the different kinds and forms of regional cooperation, and how these are created and adapted to each context. It explains the relationship between regional cooperation and local institutions, and the relationship between regional cooperation and local and regional development, emphasising the role that regional cooperation plays in shaping bottom-up approaches to development, while helping regions to adapt and contest top-down neoliberal economic policies

Research advances in Risaralda. An overview of 8 experiences

I am honored to present to you this remarkable book, a testament to the invaluable research conducted in the fields of Health, Law, Engineering, and Administrative Sciences. Each chapter within these pages represents the culmination of extensive investigations carried out by dedicated scholars affiliated with the Red Universitaria de Risaralda (RUN), a network comprising 15 esteemed higher education institutions. Risaralda has emerged as a thriving hub for higher education, bolstered by its strategic geographical location, high quality of life, rich biodiversity, and competitive development. Today, Pereira ranks third in the index of university cities, with a student enrollment rate exceeding 63%. Close to 50,000 students pursue academic programs within the department. Notably, three institutions have achieved accreditation for their excellence in education, positioning Risaralda among the most competitive regions in terms of accredited academic programs. As we celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Red Universitaria de Risaralda in 2023, it is with great pride that we reflect on its pivotal role in fostering collaboration among public and private higher education institutions. Our mission has been twofold: attracting students to our region and supporting sustainable development and quality of life for our community. The mesa de investigación (research committee) has diligently coordinated the necessary actions to unite our researchers, facilitating an integrated approach to various disciplines and themes associated with the challenges faced in our region.CONTENT Introduction...................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER ONE. Tobacco Use and Social Skills in Children from Two Schools in Pereira, Colombia .......................................................................................................9 Angélica María Blanco Vanegas, Natalia Jeaneth Carmona Valencia and Ángela Liceth Pérez Rendón CHAPTER TWO. Lesbian visibility: between control and family silence.................................................35 Mireya Ospina Botero and Carolina Carmona Castilla CHAPTER THREE. New centralities in the city of Pereira, 1990-2019 .......................................................65 Cesar Augusto Castaño Galvis CHAPTER FOUR. Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on the effect of roots on slope stability ...........................................................................................................95 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Raúl Alberto Gaviria Valencia, César Augusto Peñuela Meneses, Carlos Alberto Ospina Parra CHAPTER FIVE. Sustainability of local agri-food systems in a municipality of the Eje Cafetero, Colombia...............................................................................................131 Jaime Cardona Ocampo, Orlando Ospina Salazar and Julia Arredondo Botero CHAPTER SIX. Organizational strategies aimed at the Emberá Chamí unified indigenous reservation, Inamurcito community located in the municipality of Pueblo Rico, Risaralda............................................................................................................163 Carla Johana Martínez García and Yenny Marcela Vélez Herrera CHAPTER SEVEN. Psychomotor profile of children between 4 and 5 years old in the city of Pereira, Colombia ...................................................................................................199 Jhonatan Gonzalez-Santamaría and Claudia Jimena Lopez-Garcia CHAPTER EIGHT. Analysis of assembly tasks without the use of vision: an opportunity for the design of support technologies in manufacturing environments.....................217 Gustavo Adolfo Peña Marín, Carlos Andrés Quintero Diaztagle and Juan Diego Gallego Góme

Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - July 2020

In Colombia, as well as in the rest of the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has seriously damaged the health and well-being of the people. In order to limit the damage, local and national authorities have had to order large sectors of the population to be confined at their homes for long periods of time. An inevitable consequence of isolation has been the collapse of economic activity, expenditure, and employment, a phenomenon that has hit many countries of the world affected by the disease. It is an unprecedented crisis in modern times, not so much for its intensity (which is undoubtedly immense), but because its origin is not economic. That is what makes it so unpredictable and difficult to manage. Naturally, its economic consequences are enormous. Governments and central banks from all over the world are struggling to mitigate them, but the final solution is not in the hands of the economic authorities. Only science can provide a way out. In the meantime, the economic indicators in Colombia and in the rest of the world cause concern. The output falls, the massive loss of jobs, and the closure of businesses of all sizes have become daily news. Added to this, there is the deterioration in global financial conditions and the increase in the risk indicators. Financial volatility has increased and stock indexes have fallen. In the face of the lower global demand, export prices of raw materials have fallen, affecting the terms of trade for producing countries. Workers’ remittances have declined due to the increase of unemployment in developed countries. This crisis has also generated a strong reduction of global trade of goods and services, and effects on the global value chains. Central banks around the world have reacted decisively and quickly with strong liquidity injections and significant cuts to their interest rates. By mid-July, such determined response had succeeded to revert much of the initial deterioration in global financial conditions. The stock exchanges stopped their fall, and showed significant recovery in several countries. Risk premia, which at the beginning of the crisis took an unusual leap, recorded substantial corrections. Something similar happened with the volatility indexes of global financial markets, which exhibited significant improvement. Flexibilization of confinement measures in some economies, broad global liquidity, and fiscal policy measures have also contributed to improve global external financial conditions, albeit with indicators that still do not return to their pre-Covid levels

GEOGRAPHIC ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS USING THE E2SFCA MODEL IN HOSPITALS LOCATED IN ARMENIA, QUINDÍO

This research applies the Enhanced Two-step Floating Catchment Area method to determine the accessibility conditions of to the health care network in an intermediate Colombian city. This research aims to evaluate the medical personnel supply concerning the geospatial position of health care services in Armenia, Colombia, considering the operational and geometric particularities of the private transportation network. As a method, the Enhanced Two-step Floating Catchment Area is proposed, complemented with socio-demographic analyses. The most important result is about the level of medical coverage for socioeconomic strata 1, 2, and 3, which are below the average established by the World Bank

Seismic Risk Assessment of the Thin and Lightly Reinforced Concrete Wall Building System

La construcción industrializada de edificios de muros delgados de concreto reforzado es una práctica de construcción común en el norte de Sudamérica. En Colombia, estos muros suelen tener espesores entre 80 y 150 mm, bajas cuantías de refuerzo (ρl < 0,4%) en forma de mallas electrosoldadas trefiladas en frío y baja carga axial (P ≤ 0,10f'cAg). Hasta ahora, no ha habido eventos sísmicos importantes en la región que hayan puesto a prueba el desempeño estructural de estos sistemas. Sin embargo, recientes pruebas experimentales sugieren que los muros con espesores reducidos tienen una capacidad de ductilidad limitada y un desempeño inferior al esperado según el reglamento colombiano NSR-10. Este estudio presenta una metodología para evaluar el riesgo sísmico de arquetipos de edificios de muros delgados mediante análisis dinámicos no lineales consistentes con la amenaza de la zona. Se presenta un caso de estudio con características geométricas y configuración de refuerzo compatibles con la tipología de construcción colombiana en zonas de amenaza sísmica alta. La respuesta sísmica de las estructuras se evalúa en términos de capacidad de deformación y demanda local (a nivel de sección de los elementos) y global (comportamiento general de la estructura) en el rango inelástico. Los resultados del análisis se utilizan para desarrollar curvas de fragilidad y cuantificar la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo sísmico de edificios construidos con este sistema. Los resultados indican que las estructuras de muros delgados son vulnerables a altas demandas sísmicas, pero esto no se traduce necesariamente en altas tasas de excedencia de estados límites.MaestríaMagister en Ingeniería Civi